Životopis
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien se narodil 3. ledna 1892 v Bloemfonteinu, v Oranžském svobodném státě v Jihoafrické republice Arthurovi a Mabel Tolkienovým. Roku 1895 se s matkou a jeho mladším sourozencem odtěhoval do Velké Británie, jeho otec za nimi měl přijet po dokončení práce, kterou měl v Jihoafrické republice, ale do Anglie nikdy nedorazil, zemřel v Africe na revmatickou horečku roku 1896. Opuštěná rodina mladých Tolkienových pak žila ve vesnici poblíž Birminghamu. Tolkienova matka zemřela v roce 1904.
Se svým bratrem pak žil Tolkien u své tety. 22. 3. 1916 se oženil s Edith Brattovou. Tento rok ho také povolali do války do Francie. Stal se podporučíkem u Lancashirských střelců a přestože se jeho jednotka zúčastnila těžkých bojů na Sommě, vyvázl nezraněn. Po onemocnění takzvanou zákopovou horečkou (přenášely ji vši) koncem roku byl poslán domů a během zotavování začal psát Silmarillion. V roce 1917 se mladým Tolkienovým narodilo první dítě - John Francis Reuel. Roku 1918 byl J.R.R. Tolkien povýšen na poručíka a poslán do Straffordshiru. Po skončení války byl propuštěn z armády a s Edith a Johnem se přestěhovali do Oxfodu, kde J.R.R. Tolkien začal pracovat jako lexikograf (slovníkář) na první edici Oxfordského slovníku angličtiny. Chtěl se stát učitelem. Roku 1920 dostal místo lektora anglického jazyka na plný úvazek na univerziě v Leedsu a po narození druhého syna jménem Michael Hilary Reuel se přestěhovali do domu na Terase svatého Marka 11 v Leedsu. JRRT dostal také místo v jižní Africe, Edith mu ale zakázala odjet. Roku 1922 po odchodu George Gordona do Oxfordu se J.R.R. Tolkien stal místo něj profesorem a předsedou katedry anglistiky na univerzitě v Leedsu. Měli pak tedy více peněz, a tak se přestěhovali do většího a pohodlnějšího domu. Roku 1924 Edith porodila třetího syna - dali mu jméno Christopher Reuel. Roku 1925 J.R.R. Tolkien konečně získal uvolněné místo profesora anglosaštiny v Oxfordu. Znovu se tedy přestěhovali a tentokrát to bylo na víc jak 20 let - do Northmoorské ulice v Oxfordu. Následující rok se seznámil s C. S. Lewisem. Roku 1929 se Tolkienovým narodilo čtvrté dítě - dcera Priscilla.
Roku 1937 J.R.R. Tolkien dokončil Hobita, který vyšel následující rok, a po velkém ohlasu se dal do sepisování pokračování, ze kterého vzešla trilogie Pán prstenů. Při druhé světové válce J.R.R. Tolkien znovu pomáhal své milované Anglii - působil jako pozorovatel při náletech. Tedy procházel ulicemi Oxfordu a hlídal, aby lidé měli zatažené žaluzie, neboť světlo usnadňovalo ostřelovačům najít cíl. Oxfordu se nakonec bombardování vyhlo (kdo ví, zda třeba právě díky J.R.R. Tolkienovi?). Po válce se roku 1947 zabydleli v domku na Manor Road v Oxfordu, protože 2 roky pčedtím byl J.R.R. Tolkien jmenován profesorem anglického jazyka a literatury na Mertonově koleji se zvláštní odpovědností za výuku střední angličtiny od roku 1500. Místo si udržel až do odchodu na odpočinek roku 1959. Během těch let se znovu přestěhovali do Headingtonu nedaleko Oxfordu a místa, kde bydlel jejich přítel Jack Lewis. Při odchodu na odpočinek byl J.R.R. Tolkien požádán o přednesení veledikce (tradiční řeč odcházejícího profesora na rozloučenou) v posluchárně Mertonovy koleje. Místnost byla přecpaná stovkami lidí.
Pak Edith začala mít zdravotní potíže (artróza, špatné zažívání). Přesto roku 1966 velkolepě oslavili svou zlatou svatbu. K výročí jim sir Stanley Unwin poslal 50 zlatých růží. Roku 1968 se přestěhovali do domku na Lakeside Road 19 v Bournemouthu. Ten domek si předtím prohlédli jedinkrát - den před koupí. Jedné noci ze čtvrtka na pátek, v polovině listopadu, dostala Edith zánět žlučníku. Odvezli ji do nemocnice a zde v pondělí 29. listpadu 1971 zemřela. J.R.R. Tolkiena příští rok ubytovali v kolejním domě v Mertonově ulici v Oxfordu a byl mu přidělen skaut (pomocník/sluha) Charlie Carr a jeho žena Mavis. Hned vedle domu stál jeho oblíbený hotel Eastgate. Tentýž rok J.R.R. Tolkien přijal od královny Řád britského impéria. Nadále žil svým poklidným životem, avšak začalo ho trápit špatné trávení. Diagnostikovali mu žaludeční vřed . Hospitalizovali ho v nemocnici, kde stejně jako matka Mabel a manželka Edith podlehl svému onemocnění. Zemřel v neděli 2. září 1973 ráno na krvácející žaludeční vřed, došlo k zanícení. 6. září 1973 se za něj v Oxfordu, v kostele svatého Antonína z Padovy v Headingtonu, konala zádušní mše, jíž sloužil syn John. Jeho tělo uložili po boku Edith na katolickém hřbitově ve Wolvercote na kraji Oxfordu a na jejich společný náhrobek na přání J.R.R. Tolkiena vytesali tento nápis: Edith Mary Tolkienová, Lúthien, 1889-1971; John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, Beren, 1892-1973. A co ta jména znamenají? Lúthien je postava ze Silmarillionu - společně s Arwen Undómiel nejkrásnější žena jaká kdy kráčela Středozemí.
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